第1步:安装桌面环境
默认情况下,Ubuntu服务器不带桌面环境,VNC需要桌面环境运行。
安装XFCE的轻量级环境
sudo apt update sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils
第2步:安装VNC服务器
有很多VNC服务器,这里我们使用Tigervnc。
要安装tigervnc,请运行以下命令:
sudo apt install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common
安装Tigervnc后,请运行以下命令以设置初始设置,包括创建密码以访问桌面。
vncserver
输出示例:
You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n New 'ubuntu1804:1 (richrd)' desktop at :1 on machine ubuntu1804 Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xvnc-session Log file is /home/richrd/.vnc/ubuntu1804:1.log Use xtigervncviewer -SecurityTypes VncAuth -passwd /home/richrd/.vnc/passwd :1 to connect to the VNC server. vncserver: Failed command '/etc/X11/Xvnc-session': 256! =================== tail -15 /home/richrd/.vnc/ubuntu1804:1.log =================== Starting applications specified in /etc/X11/Xvnc-session has failed. Maybe try something simple first, e.g., tigervncserver -xstartup /usr/bin/xterm
VNCServer命令将创建密码文件并将其存储在~/.vnc文件夹中。
步骤3:配置VNC服务器
运行以下命令进行配置。
vncserver -kill :1
然后创建一个启动配置文件:
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup
添加下面的内容到文件并保存。
#!/bin/sh unset SESSION_MANAGER unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS exec startxfce4
授予可执行权限:
chmod u+x ~/.vnc/xstartup
创建系统服务文件
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
添加内容如下,并保存。
[Unit] Description=Remote desktop service (VNC) After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=simple User=jack PAMName=login PIDFile=/home/%u/.vnc/%H%i.pid ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :' ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver :%i -geometry 1440x900 -alwaysshared -fg ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
重新加载SystemD配置。
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
启动并启用VNC服务器
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1.service sudo systemctl enable vncserver@1.service
检查后查看VNC是否已启动并运行。
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1.service
输出示例:
● vncserver@1.service - Remote desktop service (VNC) Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service; indirect; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-02-04 15:22:07 CST; 17s ago Main PID: 14025 (vncserver) Tasks: 0 (limit: 4663) CGroup: /system.slice/system-vncserver.slice/vncserver@1.service ‣ 14025 /usr/bin/perl /usr/bin/vncserver :1 -geometry 1440x900 -alwaysshared -fg Nov 04 15:22:06 ubuntu1804 systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC). Nov 04 15:22:07 ubuntu1804 systemd[14011]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user richrd by (uid=0) Nov 04 15:22:07 ubuntu1804 systemd[1]: Started Remote desktop service (VNC). Nov 04 15:22:07 ubuntu1804 systemd[14025]: pam_unix(login:session): session opened for user richrd by (uid=0)
现在VNC服务器已经准备好了,
使用VNC客户端(比如:RealVNC)并尝试到服务器(server_name:5901)。
日期:2020-07-07 20:55:43 来源:oir作者:oir