安装 Percona Yum 存储库

安装 Percona Server for MySQL 有多种方法。
我们可以使用 RPM、源代码或者官方 Yum 存储库安装它。

由于我们正在使用基于 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版，因此，最方便的方法是从他们的官方 yum 存储库中安装它。

因此，我们需要在 Linux 服务器中安装 Percona yum 存储库。

# dnf install -y https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm

Percona yum 存储库还安装了 percona-release 脚本。
此脚本用于启用/禁用其他 yum 存储库。

执行以下命令启用 Percona 服务器 8.0 存储库并禁用所有其他 MySQL yum 存储库。

# percona-release setup ps80

为新安装的 yum 存储库构建缓存。

# dnf makecache
CentOS-8 - AppStream                            3.6 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:01
CentOS-8 - Base                                 3.5 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:01
CentOS-8 - Extras                               1.2 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:01
Percona Release release/noarch YUM repository   4.3 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Percona Server 8.0 release/x86_64 YUM repositor 4.4 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Percona Tools release/x86_64 YUM repository     4.1 kB/s | 2.9 kB     00:00
Metadata cache created.

什么是 MySQL 的 Percona 服务器？

Percona Server for MySQL 是由 Percona 创建的开源关系数据库管理系统 (RDBMS)。

它是 Oracle MySQL 的免费、完全兼容的替代品。

该软件包括许多仅在 MySQL 的商业企业版中可用的可扩展性、可用性、安全性和备份功能。
该软件包括 XtraDB ，这是 InnoDB 存储引擎的增强版。

开发人员旨在保持与官方 MySQL 版本的密切兼容性，同时专注于性能和提高对服务器操作的可见性。

Percona Server 是 MySQL RDBMS 的一个发行版。
在本文中，我们将看到如何在 CentOS/RHEL 8 上安装此数据库服务器。

在 CentOS/RHEL 8 上安装 Percona Server for MySQL

我们现在可以使用 dnf 命令安装 Percona RDBMS。

# dnf install -y percona-server-server

启用并启动 mysqld.service。

# systemctl enable --now mysqld.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service -> /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.

验证数据库服务器的版本。

# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.21-12 for Linux on x86_64 (Percona Server (GPL), Release 12, Revision 7ddfdfe)

首次启动时，mysqld.service 为 root 用户生成一个随机密码。

我们可以通过执行以下命令从 mysqld.service 日志中获取自动生成的 root 密码。

# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-11-20T15:48:32.560387Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cjk-4sB/bWWt

通过执行 mysql_secure_installation 命令来保护数据库机器，并按如下方式配置安全选项。

# mysql_secure_installation
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password:
Re-enter new password:
The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the component.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N
 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
 - Dropping test database...
Success.
 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y
Success.
All done!

Percona Server for MySQL 已在 Linux 机器上安装和配置。

以 root 用户身份登录 MySQL shell。

# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 22
Server version: 8.0.21-12 Percona Server (GPL), Release 12, Revision 7ddfdfe
Copyright (c) 2009-2020 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

列出服务器中可用的数据库。

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

检查数据库服务器的版本。

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.21-12 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

退出 MySQL shell。

mysql> exit
Bye