如何在Ubuntu 18.04/16.04上安装和配置Postfix

第1步:在Ubuntu上安装Postfix

Ubuntu默认存储库提供了Postfix软件包。

安装PostFix:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install postfix

在安装过程中,系统会提示我们通过选择其配置站点和邮件系统名称或者域名选择Postfix配置

Package configuration
                ┌───────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├───────────────────────────┐
                │ Please select the mail server configuration type that best meets your needs.  │ 
                │                                                                               │ 
                │  No configuration:                                                            │ 
                │   Should be chosen to leave the current configuration unchanged.              │ 
                │  Internet site:                                                               │ 
                │   Mail is sent and received directly using SMTP.                              │ 
                │  Internet with smarthost:                                                     │ 
                │   Mail is received directly using SMTP or by running a utility such           │ 
                │   as fetchmail. Outgoing mail is sent using a smarthost.                      │ 
                │  Satellite system:                                                            │ 
                │   All mail is sent to another machine, called a 'smarthost', for delivery.    │ 
                │  Local only:                                                                  │ 
                │   The only delivered mail is the mail for local users. There is no network.   │ 
                │                                                                               │ 
                │ General type of mail configuration:                                           │ 
                │                                                                               │ 
                │                           No configuration                                    │ 
                │                           Internet Site                                       │ 
                │                           Internet with smarthost                             │ 
                │                           Satellite system                                    │ 
                │                           Local only                                          │ 
                │                                                                               │ 
                │                    <Ok>                     <Cancel>
                │           
                │                                                                               │ 
                └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

出现提示时,选择上面突出显示的Internet站点。

接下来选择邮件系统的域名:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├──────────────────────────────────────────┐
  │ The "mail name" is the domain name used to "qualify" _ALL_ mail addresses without a domain name. This      │ 
  │ includes mail to and from : please do not make your machine send out mail from root@example.org      │ 
  │ unless root@example.org has told you to.                                                                   │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  │ This name will also be used by other programs. It should be the single, fully qualified domain name        │ 
  │ (FQDN).                                                                                                    │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  │ Thus, if a mail address on the local host is foo@example.org, the correct value for this option would be   │ 
  │ example.org.                                                                                               │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  │ System mail name:                                                                                          │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  │ maill.example.com_________________________________________________________________________________________ │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  │                               <Ok>                                   <Cancel>                              │ 
  │                                                                                                            │ 
  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

安装完成后,我们可以使用以下命令停止,启动和启用该服务:

sudo systemctl stop postfix
sudo systemctl start postfix
sudo systemctl enable postfix

第2步:配置Postfix

Postfix主要配置文件位于/etc/postfix/main.cf

打开其默认配置文件:

sudo nano /etc/postfix/main.cf

大多数Postfix的设置可以在此配置文件中找到。
在文件的底部,您可以找到所有设置环境所需的配置选项。

smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
myhostname = ubuntu1804.example.com
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myoroirn = /etc/mailname
mydestination = $myhostname, mail.example.com, ubuntu1804, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all

有三到四个主要的配置选项:MyHostName,MyDestination,MyNetworks和Mail Home文件夹。

这些是上面一些配置的详细信息:

  • myhostnme:介绍邮件服务器主机名或者系统名称。通常是其完全限定的主机名。例如: mailsr.example.com.

  • Mydomain:描述Postfix 处理邮件的域名,示例:example.com.

  • MyNetWorks:介绍可以通过服务器中继的远程SMTP服务器的可信网络,例如:127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [:: 1]/128

  • Home_mailbx:描述了用户的主邮箱。 例如:home_mailbox = maildir /

除了上面的配置选项,Postfix还附带了系统上配置的自签名证书设置。

Postfix自签名SSL证书设置位于上面提到的相同配置文件中。

TLS配置行看起来像这样:

# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
smtpd_use_tls=yes

其他Postfix配置位于/etc/postfix目录中。

日期:2020-07-07 20:55:21 来源:oir作者:oir