检查当前防火墙状态
检查防火墙状态。
默认情况下,UFW防火墙将被禁用:
$ sudo ufw status Status: inactive
阻止所有传入流量
首先,我们可以使用以下Linux命令阻止所有传入流量:
$ sudo ufw default deny incoming Default incoming policy changed to 'deny' (be sure to update your rules accordingly)
允许HTTP / HTTPS传入流量
UFW提供三种可能的配置文件,以允许/拒绝到Apache Web服务器的流量:
- Apache - 端口80
- Apache full - 端口80,443
- Apache Secure - 端口443
nginx web服务器:
- nginx http - 端口80
- nginx Full - 端口80,443
- nginx https - 端口443
使用上述配置文件名称,我们可以允许传入流量适合任何场景。
例如,要允许 Apache 打开两个端口 80,443:
$ sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full" Rule added Rule added (v6)
或者,仅允许在nginx服务器上打开端口443:
$ sudo ufw allow in "Nginx HTTPS"
启用防火墙
启用前,允许ssh端口,否则无法ssh远程连接服务器:
$ sudo ufw allow from any to any port 22 proto tcp
$ sudo ufw enable Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
检查状态
$ sudo ufw status verbose Status: active Logging: on (low) Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed) New profiles: skip To Action From -- ------ ---- 80,443/tcp (Apache Full) ALLOW IN Anywhere 80,443/tcp (Apache Full (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
常见问题
错误:
$ sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full" ERROR: Could not find a profile matching 'Apache Full'
系统上没有安装Apache Web服务器。
要安装Apache WebServer,执行:
$ sudo apt install apache2
日期:2020-07-07 20:55:17 来源:oir作者:oir