在FreeBSD中，如何查看服务器安装的内存大小以及已使用内存大小？
Linux中如何查看物理内存和交换内存的大小？

使用top命令

top命令，可以查看系统进程的相关信息，包括"物理内存统计信息"。

• Active：活跃的字节数。
• Inact：无效的字节数。
• Wired：连线的字节数，包括BIO级缓存的文件数据页。
• Cache：可用于立即重新分配的干净字节缓存数据的数量。
• Buf：用于BIO级磁盘缓存的字节数。
• Free：可用字节数。

使用查看内存使用情况

使用Perl脚本查看内存使用情况

freemem.sh

#!/usr/bin/perl
##
##  freebsd-memory -- List Total System Memory Usage
##  Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com>
##  
##  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
##  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
##  are met:
##  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
##     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
##  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
##     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
##     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
##  
##  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
##  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
##  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
##  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
##  FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
##  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
##  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
##  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
##  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
##  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
##  SUCH DAMAGE.
##

#   query the system through the generic sysctl(8) interface
#   (this does not require special priviledges)
my $sysctl = {};
my $sysctl_output = `/sbin/sysctl -a`;
foreach my $line (split(/\n/, $sysctl_output)) {
    if ($line =~ m/^([^:]+):\s+(.+)\s*$/s) {
        $sysctl->{} = ;
    }
}

#   round the physical memory size to the next power of two which is
#   reasonable for memory cards. We do this by first determining the
#   guessed memory card size under the assumption that usual computer
#   hardware has an average of a maximally eight memory cards installed
#   and those are usually of equal size.
sub mem_rounded {
    my ($mem_size) = @_;
    my $chip_size  = 1;
    my $chip_guess = ($mem_size / 8) - 1;
    while ($chip_guess != 0) {
        $chip_guess >>= 1;
        $chip_size  <<= 1;
    }
    my $mem_round = (int($mem_size / $chip_size) + 1) * $chip_size;
    return $mem_round;
}

#   determine the individual known information
#   NOTICE: forget hw.usermem, it is just (hw.physmem - vm.stats.vm.v_wire_count).
#   NOTICE: forget vm.stats.misc.zero_page_count, it is just the subset of
#           vm.stats.vm.v_free_count which is already pre-zeroed.
my $mem_hw        = &mem_rounded($sysctl->{"hw.physmem"});
my $mem_phys      = $sysctl->{"hw.physmem"};
my $mem_all       = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_page_count"}      * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};
my $mem_wire      = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_wire_count"}      * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};
my $mem_active    = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_active_count"}    * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};
my $mem_inactive  = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_inactive_count"}  * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};
my $mem_cache     = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_cache_count"}     * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};
my $mem_free      = $sysctl->{"vm.stats.vm.v_free_count"}      * $sysctl->{"hw.pagesize"};

#   determine the individual unknown information
my $mem_gap_vm    = $mem_all - ($mem_wire + $mem_active + $mem_inactive + $mem_cache + $mem_free);
my $mem_gap_sys   = $mem_phys - $mem_all;
my $mem_gap_hw    = $mem_hw   - $mem_phys;

#   determine logical summary information
my $mem_total = $mem_hw;
my $mem_avail = $mem_inactive + $mem_cache + $mem_free;
my $mem_used  = $mem_total - $mem_avail;

#   information annotations
my $info = {
    "mem_wire"     => 'Wired: disabled for paging out',
    "mem_active"   => 'Active: recently referenced',
    "mem_inactive" => 'Inactive: recently not referenced',
    "mem_cache"    => 'Cached: almost avail. for allocation',
    "mem_free"     => 'Free: fully available for allocation',
    "mem_gap_vm"   => 'Memory gap: UNKNOWN',
    "mem_all"      => 'Total real memory managed',
    "mem_gap_sys"  => 'Memory gap: Kernel?!',
    "mem_phys"     => 'Total real memory available',
    "mem_gap_hw"   => 'Memory gap: Segment Mappings?!',
    "mem_hw"       => 'Total real memory installed',
    "mem_used"     => 'Logically used memory',
    "mem_avail"    => 'Logically available memory',
    "mem_total"    => 'Logically total memory',
};

#   print system results
printf("SYSTEM MEMORY INFORMATION:\n");
printf("mem_wire:      %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_wire,     $mem_wire     / (1024*1024), ($mem_wire     / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_wire"});
printf("mem_active:  + %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_active,   $mem_active   / (1024*1024), ($mem_active   / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_active"});
printf("mem_inactive:+ %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_inactive, $mem_inactive / (1024*1024), ($mem_inactive / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_inactive"});
printf("mem_cache:   + %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_cache,    $mem_cache    / (1024*1024), ($mem_cache    / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_cache"});
printf("mem_free:    + %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_free,     $mem_free     / (1024*1024), ($mem_free     / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_free"});
printf("mem_gap_vm:  + %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_gap_vm,   $mem_gap_vm   / (1024*1024), ($mem_gap_vm   / $mem_all) * 100, $info->{"mem_gap_vm"});
printf("-------------- ------------ ----------- ------\n");
printf("mem_all:     = %12d (%7dMB) [100%%] %s\n", $mem_all,      $mem_all      / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_all"});
printf("mem_gap_sys: + %12d (%7dMB)        %s\n",  $mem_gap_sys,  $mem_gap_sys  / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_gap_sys"});
printf("-------------- ------------ -----------\n");
printf("mem_phys:    = %12d (%7dMB)        %s\n",  $mem_phys,     $mem_phys     / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_phys"});
printf("mem_gap_hw:  + %12d (%7dMB)        %s\n",  $mem_gap_hw,   $mem_gap_hw   / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_gap_hw"});     
printf("-------------- ------------ -----------\n");
printf("mem_hw:      = %12d (%7dMB)        %s\n",  $mem_hw,       $mem_hw       / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_hw"});     

#   print logical results
printf("\n");
printf("SYSTEM MEMORY SUMMARY:\n");
printf("mem_used:      %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_used,  $mem_used  / (1024*1024), ($mem_used  / $mem_total) * 100, $info->{"mem_used"});
printf("mem_avail:   + %12d (%7dMB) [%3d%%] %s\n", $mem_avail, $mem_avail / (1024*1024), ($mem_avail / $mem_total) * 100, $info->{"mem_avail"});
printf("-------------- ------------ ----------- ------\n");
printf("mem_total:   = %12d (%7dMB) [100%%] %s\n", $mem_total, $mem_total / (1024*1024), $info->{"mem_total"});

执行脚本

$ sudo chmod +x freemem.sh
$ freemem.sh

输出示例：

SYSTEM MEMORY INFORMATION:
mem_wire:          25341952 (     24MB) [  9%] Wired: disabled for paging out
mem_active:  +     47529984 (     45MB) [ 18%] Active: recently referenced
mem_inactive:+     15605760 (     14MB) [  6%] Inactive: recently not referenced
mem_cache:   +        16384 (      0MB) [  0%] Cached: almost avail. for allocation
mem_free:    +    165556224 (    157MB) [ 65%] Free: fully available for allocation
mem_gap_vm:  +       389120 (      0MB) [  0%] Memory gap: UNKNOWN
-------------- ------------ ----------- ------
mem_all:     =    254439424 (    242MB) [100%] Total real memory managed
mem_gap_sys: +      4988928 (      4MB)        Memory gap: Kernel?!
-------------- ------------ -----------
mem_phys:    =    259428352 (    247MB)        Total real memory available
mem_gap_hw:  +      9007104 (      8MB)        Memory gap: Segment Mappings?!
-------------- ------------ -----------
mem_hw:      =    268435456 (    256MB)        Total real memory installed

SYSTEM MEMORY SUMMARY:
mem_used:          87257088 (     83MB) [ 32%] Logically used memory
mem_avail:   +    181178368 (    172MB) [ 67%] Logically available memory
-------------- ------------ ----------- ------
mem_total:   =    268435456 (    256MB) [100%] Logically total memory

使用shell脚本查看Linux内存使用情况

我基于FreeBSD的家庭路由器的输出示例：

$ fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocochard/myscripts/master/FreeBSD/freebsd-memory.sh
或者
## $ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocochard/myscripts/master/FreeBSD/freebsd-memory.sh
$ sh freebsd-memory.sh

输出示例：

SYSTEM MEMORY INFORMATION:
mem_wire:          70152192 (     66MB) [ 14%] Wired: disabled for paging out
mem_active:  +     44515328 (     42MB) [  9%] Active: recently referenced
mem_inactive:+    333316096 (    317MB) [ 67%] Inactive: recently not referenced
mem_cache:   +       798720 (      0MB) [  0%] Cached: almost avail. for allocation
mem_free:    +     44724224 (     42MB) [  9%] Free: fully available for allocation
mem_gap_vm:  +       -45056 (      0MB) [  0%] Memory gap: UNKNOWN
______________ ____________ ___________ ______
mem_all:     =    493461504 (    470MB) [100%] Total real memory managed
mem_gap_sys: +      9297920 (      8MB)        Memory gap: Kernel?!
______________ ____________ ___________
mem_phys:    =    502759424 (    479MB)        Total real memory available
mem_gap_hw:  +     34111488 (     32MB)        Memory gap: Segment Mappings?!
______________ ____________ ___________
mem_hw:      =    536870912 (    512MB)        Total real memory installed
 
SYSTEM MEMORY SUMMARY:
mem_used:         158031872 (    150MB) [ 29%] Logically used memory
mem_avail:   +    378839040 (    361MB) [ 70%] Logically available memory
______________ ____________ __________ _______
mem_total:   =    536870912 (    512MB) [100%] Logically total memory

使用sysctl命令找出FreeBSD上安装了多少RAM。

执行以下命令：

$ sysctl hw.physmem
$ sysctl hw | egrep 'hw.(phys|user|real)'

或者

$ grep memory /var/run/dmesg.boot

在FreeBSD中使用类似Linux free命令查看内存使用情况

Freecolor是类似free的软件

安装freecolor：

# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/freecolor
# make install clean

或者

# pkg install freecolor

查看内存详细信息：

$ freecolor -m -o

输出示例：

total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          4082        825       3256          0          0        117
Swap:         2048          0       2047

$ freecolor -t -m -o

输出示例：

total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          4082        825       3256          0          0        117
Swap:         2048          0       2047
Total:        6130 = (     826 (used) +     5421 (free))