解决方案

这是由于 SUSE12 引入的 PIDs cgroup 控制器。

从 SLES12 开始，使用 systemd 代替 initd，OHASD 服务器最多只允许打开 512 个任务。
在文件 /etc/systemd/system.conf 中将 DefaultTasksMax 的值配置为 65535 或者为 ohasd systemd 服务正确设置 TasksMax 值。

例如：

# cat /etc/systemd/system/ohasd.service.d/lunar.conf
[Service]
TasksMax=16384

# systemctl status ohasd

Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 4876 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/ohasd start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 612 (limit: 16384) <<<<<<=================== 这里之前限制为 512

问题

在SLES 12.1 通过 srvctl 启动时出现 RAC 数据库错误，警报日志显示数据库启动，然后就关闭了：

[oracle base]/diag/rdbms/[db name]/[SID name]/trace里面的alert_ORCL2.log：

Fri Nov 03 15:06:25 2017
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers
from 960 to 486 due to the value of parameter processes (600)
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) (OS id: 19684)
.
.
Fri Nov 03 15:10:45 2017
Process startup failed, error stack:
Fri Nov 03 15:10:45 2017
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ORCL/ORCL2/trace/ORCL2_psp0_19706.trc:
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:fork failed with status: 11
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Resource temporarily unavailable
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpspawn3
Fri Nov 03 15:10:46 2017
Shutting down instance (abort)
License high water mark = 2
Fri Nov 03 15:10:46 2017
USER (ospid: 22067): terminating the instance
Fri Nov 03 15:10:47 2017
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 22067
Fri Nov 03 15:10:47 2017
Instance shutdown complete
Errors in file //u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ORCL/ORCL2/trace/ORCL2_mmon_19853.trc (incident=14681):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KSLGES_3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:semop failed with status: 43
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Identifier removed
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: sskgpwwait1
Incident details in: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ORCL/ORCL2/incident/incdir_14681/ORCL2_mmon_19853_i14681.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.

ORCL2_psp0_19706.trc：

*** 2017-11-03 15:10:44.989
Process startup failed, error stack:
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:fork failed with status: 11
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Resource temporarily unavailable
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpspawn3
*** 2017-11-03 15:10:45.993
Process startup failed, error stack:
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:fork failed with status: 11
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Resource temporarily unavailable
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: skgpspawn3

ORCL2_mmon_19853.trc：

*** 2017-11-03 15:09:57.908
***KELR Apply Log: unable to schedule MMON Slave, error 3
*** 2017-11-03 15:10:47.847
Incident 14681 created, dump file: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ORCL/ORCL2/incident/incdir_14681/ORCL2_mmon_19853_i14681.trc
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KSLGES_3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:semop failed with status: 43
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Identifier removed
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: sskgpwwait1
KEBM: MMON action policy violation. 'PQ: Adjust Slave Pool' viol=0; err=600
error 0 detected in background process
kgxgnsdr: clssgsshdereg: warning: return status 26 (-558242808 )
OPIRIP: Uncaught error 447. Error stack:
ORA-00447: fatal error in background process
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KSLGES_3], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-27300: OS system dependent operation:semop failed with status: 43
ORA-27301: OS failure message: Identifier removed
ORA-27302: failure occurred at: sskgpwwait1
kgxgnsdr: clssgsshdereg: warning: return status 26 (-813323584 )

操作系统日志中报告以下错误

消息：

2017-11-03T15:10:11.690393+01:00 rachost1 Oracle Audit[7888]: LENGTH : '200' ACTION :[52] 'ALTER DATABASE MOUNT /* db agent *//* {2:39656:2} */' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '2949004148'
2017-11-03T15:10:47.700094+01:00 rachost1 kernel: [ 173.788859] cgroup: fork rejected by pids controller in /system.slice/ohasd.service <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

数据库可以用 sqlplus 启动。