这篇文章的范围是解释当没有足够的空间来安装新的内核包时增加 /boot 文件系统所涉及的步骤。
虽然我们有标准方法来减小 /boot 的大小,例如:从引导中删除未使用的内核和镜像文件,但作为替代方法,这篇文章说明了扩展引导分区大小的步骤。
以下应该是可以应用的场景,
- OVM/Vmware 来宾机器。
- 来宾备份应从 OVM/Vmware 获取。
- /boot 不在 LVM 中,而其他操作系统文件系统使用 LVM。
注意:此处列出的步骤仅使用 EXT4 文件系统进行了测试。
查看更多教程 https://on itroad.com
步骤
- 添加新磁盘(新磁盘的大小必须等于或者大于现有卷组的大小)并使用'fdisk -l' 来检查新添加的磁盘。例如/dev/sdb
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 55.3 GB, 55278469120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6720 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00068fe8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 13 6721 53878784 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 60.7 GB, 60673785856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7376 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
- 对新添加的磁盘进行分区,将类型更改为Linux LVM。
# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-7376, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-7376, default 7376): +56G Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 60.7 GB, 60673785856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7376 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xbd30352b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 7311 58725576 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
- 在分区磁盘上创建一个物理卷,例如/dev/sdb1:
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
- 检查卷组名称。
将物理卷添加到现有卷组。
# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree VolGroup 1 4 0 wz--n- 51.38g 42.98g
# vgextend VolGroup /dev/sdb1 Volume group "VolGroup" successfully extended
- 将物理卷从现有磁盘 (/dev/sda2) 迁移到新创建的 (/dev/sdb1)。
然后减少现有的卷组。
# pvmove /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sda2: Moved: 0.2% /dev/sda2: Moved: 11.6% /dev/sda2: Moved: 15.2% /dev/sda2: Moved: 17.4% /dev/sda2: Moved: 19.9% /dev/sda2: Moved: 22.1% /dev/sda2: Moved: 24.5% /dev/sda2: Moved: 26.6% /dev/sda2: Moved: 28.9% /dev/sda2: Moved: 31.2% /dev/sda2: Moved: 35.6% /dev/sda2: Moved: 38.9% /dev/sda2: Moved: 41.3% /dev/sda2: Moved: 46.5% /dev/sda2: Moved: 52.3% /dev/sda2: Moved: 100.0%
# vgreduce VolGroup /dev/sda2 Removed "/dev/sda2" from volume group "VolGroup"
- 删除分区/dev/sda2:
# fdisk -cu /dev/sda Command (m for help): d Partition number (1-4): 2 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 55.3 GB, 55278469120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6720 cylinders, total 107965760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00068fe8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
- 卸载/boot:
# umount /boot
- 检查/dev/sda1 的开始和结束块。
然后删除分区 /dev/sda1 并创建一个具有相同起始块的新分区 /dev/sda1 并根据需要扩展大小。
# fdisk -cu /dev/sda Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 55.3 GB, 55278469120 bytes 224 heads, 19 sectors/track, 25367 cylinders, total 107965760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00068fe8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First sector (2048-107965759, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-107965759, default 107965759): +1000M Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 55.3 GB, 55278469120 bytes 224 heads, 19 sectors/track, 25367 cylinders, total 107965760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00068fe8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 2050047 1024000 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
- 检查/dev/sda1的文件系统:
# e2fsck -f /dev/sda1 e2fsck 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/sda1: 45/25688 files (6.7% non-contiguous), 88803/102400 blocks
- 调整文件系统大小:
# resize2fs /dev/sda1 resize2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sda1 to 1024000 (1k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 1024000 blocks long.
- 挂载 /boot。
# mount /boot
- 在所有这些步骤之后,/boot 文件系统的大小将被扩展。
我们可以使用“df -h”命令进行检查。
# df -h /boot
日期:2020-09-17 00:14:20 来源:oir作者:oir