我们可以通过多种方式在 RHEL 7 中配置 IP 地址。
本文说明了如何使用网络接口配置文件来配置 IP 地址。
每个物理网络设备都有一个关联的网络接口配置文件。
网络接口配置文件位于 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 目录中。

1. 使用 ip addr 命令显示可用的网络接口。

# ip addr
1: lo: [LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:23:2f:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.104/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 2792sec preferred_lft 2792sec
    inet6 2405:204:10a:6c1:250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope global
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d5:6e:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

请注意，我们有 3 个以太网接口（eth0、eth1）和环回接口 (lo)。
如果接口名称类似于 eno16777736，请参阅此帖子将接口名称更改为 eth0 和 eth1.

2. cd 进入 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 目录，该目录包含网络接口配置文件。

# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

在这里我们可以找到 eth1 接口的网络配置文件，例如：ifcfg-eth1.
如果尚未存在，我们可以复制接口 eth0 的接口配置文件。

3. 我们要为接口 eth1 分配 IP 地址 192.168.1.30。
   编辑接口的配置文件并更改突出显示的参数，如下所示：

# vi ifcfg-eth1
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="none"
DEFROUTE="no"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
NAME="eno16777736"
UUID="7fe712d2-5e3a-4f68-b34b-4b3f6c787a56"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR0="192.168.1.30"
PREFIX0="24"
HWADDR="00:0C:29:D5:6E:9C"
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

4. 编辑 /etc/hosts 文件以添加新 IP 地址的条目：

# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   	localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         	localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.30	onitroad

5. 重启网络服务：

# systemctl restart network

# ip addr
1: lo: [LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:23:2f:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.104/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 2538sec preferred_lft 2538sec
    inet6 2405:204:10a:6c1:250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope global
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d5:6e:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.30/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed5:6ea6/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

使用网络接口控制脚本停止/启动特定的网络接口

网络接口控制脚本例如：ifup 和 ifdown 。
使用 ifdown 命令停止接口和 eno16777736.
使用“if addr”命令验证接口的状态（IP地址应该已经消失了）：

# ifdown eth1

# ip a
1: lo: [LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:23:2f:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.104/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 2751sec preferred_lft 2751sec
    inet6 2405:204:10a:6c1:250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope global
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d5:6e:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

使用 ifup 命令再次启动接口：

# ifup eth1

# ip addr
1: lo: [LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:50:56:23:2f:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.43.104/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 2720sec preferred_lft 2720sec
    inet6 2405:204:10a:6c1:250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope global
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe23:2fbc/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: [BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP] mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d5:6e:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.30/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed5:6ea6/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever